H/E x40
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x100

The trachea can be recognized by its pseudostratified epithelium which has cells that carry cilia. See background image. Its submucosa has numerous glands called tracheal glands and its adventitia which is the outermost coat carries both hyaline cartilage and muscle fibers.

Differential diagnosis: The trachea can be confused with any luminal organ such as appendix, fallopian tube or small intestine. The small intestine has villi and not mucosal folds, trachea has pseudostratified epithelium and no columnar cells, appendix is devoid of villi or mucosal folds

Ultrastructure
Histology
Embryology
Gross anatomy